Original research

Who does AI cite when asked in Spanish?

We measure a fixed corpus of commercial Spanish queries against Google AI Overviews and count which domains show up as sources. Not an estimate and not a survey: these are the answers the engine produced, with the methodology open below.

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How this was measured

  • The corpus is a set of commercial Spanish queries we define and publish, versioned in the codebase. It contains no brand names, ours or anyone else's: a query with our name in it would manufacture a citation in our favour.
  • Each query is sent once to Google AI Overviews with México as the market and Spanish as the language, and we record the domains the engine cites as sources.
  • A domain counts once per query. If one answer cites it three times, that is still one appearance — otherwise we would be rewarding verbosity, not visibility.
  • The percentage is calculated over queries that returned a generative answer, not over the whole corpus: dividing by the total would understate every figure by the same silent factor.
  • No data comes from AEON42 customers. Not their sites, not their queries, not their Search Console.

What these numbers don't say

Generative answers are probabilistic: the same query can return different sources across two runs, and the engine changes without notice. This is a snapshot of one corpus on one date, not a stable measurement of the market. It also doesn't cover ChatGPT or Perplexity — only Google AI Overviews. We say so because the alternative is selling certainty nobody has.

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